Mega Pixel Processor

Mega Pixel Processor (mpp) gets big astro images out of astro software and into the world. Classic TIFF stops at 4 GB, and a large mosaic goes past that long before it's finished, so it stays trapped in XISF and FITS. Mega Pixel Processor converts images of any size between XISF, FITS, TIFF, BigTIFF and mainstream web formats, carries the astrometric solution along, and publishes zoomable web views. It ships as a standalone CLI and as a PixInsight file-format module that gives PixInsight BigTIFF support.

BigTIFF is the natural bridge to the rest of your toolchain: Photoshop opens BigTIFF and saves it too (26.2 and later), GIMP reads and writes it, and so does anything built on libtiff 4, including libvips, ImageMagick and GDAL. A gigapixel mosaic can reach them intact.

Source and issue tracker: GitHub, coming soon. It's free and open source, and always will be. If it saves you time, donations are welcome at Ko-fi, entirely optional.

Features

CLI Coming soon

The command-line tool is not yet available for download; it will be released alongside the GitHub repository. A taste of what it looks like: convert a mosaic to BigTIFF for Photoshop, or publish it as a self-hosted zoomable web page.

mpp convert mosaic.xisf mosaic.tif --bit-depth u16 --compression deflate --tiled
mpp publish mosaic.xisf site/ --title "Veil Nebula"

Comprehensive CLI documentation will be available on GitHub when the tool is released.

PixInsight Integration

Mega Pixel Processor ships as MegaPixelProcessor, a file-format module that provides the TIFF format (classic TIFF and BigTIFF, read and write) in place of PixInsight's built-in TIFF module. It is delivered from the same update repository as Mega Merge Mosaic, and the two are selected independently in the update dialog. Documentation is included with the module.

Before you install: disable the built-in TIFF module

PixInsight allows only one module to own the TIFF format. If the built-in TIFF module is still installed when Mega Pixel Processor arrives, PixInsight refuses to register it and the install fails with Duplicate file format identifier. Uninstall the built-in module first for a smooth ride:

  1. Open Process → Modules → Manage Modules.
  2. Select the module named TIFF and uninstall it. Do this through the dialog rather than deleting files: the built-in module stays in PixInsight's bin directory so you can switch back at any time.
  3. Restart PixInsight when prompted.

Install from the update repository

If you already have the Astrometrical repository set up for Mega Merge Mosaic, skip to step 3.

  1. Open Resources → Updates → Manage Repositories.
  2. Click Add, paste the repository URL:
    https://tools.astrometrical.com/pixinsight/
  3. Accept, then run Resources → Updates → Check for Updates. Make sure Mega Pixel Processor module is ticked and apply.
  4. Restart PixInsight. The TIFF format is now provided by Mega Pixel Processor, and .tif, .tiff, .btf and .tf8 files open and save through it.

Only want Mega Merge Mosaic? Untick the Mega Pixel Processor module in the update dialog and nothing changes for you.

Confirm Mega Pixel Processor is handling TIFF

Either check tells you which module is active:

Switching between the two TIFF modules

The swap is fully reversible, and you can go back and forth as often as you like. Only one can be installed at a time, so the sequence is always uninstall, restart, install, restart:

  1. Open Process → Modules → Manage Modules and uninstall whichever TIFF module is active: TIFF (built-in) or MegaPixelProcessor. Restart PixInsight.
  2. Open Process → Modules → Install Modules and point it at PixInsight's bin directory, where both module files live.
  3. Select the one you want, TIFF-pxm for the built-in module or mpp-pxm for Mega Pixel Processor, and install it. Restart PixInsight.

Never delete the built-in module's files. Both TIFF-pxm and its .xsgn signature file must be present for it to reinstall. Switching back to the built-in module does not cause the updater to nag you: it only mentions Mega Pixel Processor again when a new version is released, and you can untick it then.

Installed without disabling the built-in module first?

No harm done. PixInsight downloaded the module but refused to register it, so it reports an install failure and Mega Pixel Processor is not active. As far as PixInsight is concerned the module is installed but not registered, so Check for Updates will not offer it again. Fix it by hand: uninstall the built-in TIFF module as described above, restart, then follow the switching steps to install mpp-pxm from the bin directory and restart once more.

Beta channel

Testers can point PixInsight at a beta repository to receive pre-release builds ahead of the stable channel. Use it in place of the stable repository above, not alongside it; having both installed is not supported.

https://tools.astrometrical.com/pixinsight/beta/

Beta builds are unpolished, so expect rough edges. Stick with the stable repository unless you're specifically testing.

Swapping TIFF modules: what changes

What you gain

  • BigTIFF: read and write TIFF files past the 4 GB classic limit, straight from Open and Save As.
  • Tiled output: tiles from 128 to 1024 pixels, for readers and pipelines that load large images by region.
  • Container choice: Automatic picks classic TIFF when the image fits and BigTIFF when it doesn't, or demand either outright.
  • PackBits compression alongside None, LZW and Deflate, with a horizontal predictor for integer formats.
  • Honest 32-bit and 64-bit samples: 32-bit unsigned and 64-bit float are written at full precision.
  • Wider reading: palette, YCbCr and planar TIFFs open, and embedded ICC profiles are read back.

What you give up

  • CMYK and Lab input: both are refused with an explanation. Converting them faithfully needs colour management the module does not have, and a naive conversion would misrepresent your pixel values.
  • FITS keyword, thumbnail and image property passthrough: TIFF has no equivalent, so only pixels, geometry, the ICC profile, resolution and the Image Description, Copyright and Software tags cross the container.
  • JPEG and Fax compressed output: lossy compression is wrong for linear astro data.
  • Sticky preferences: every save presents the options dialog; there are no global defaults.

Everything else the built-in TIFF dialog offered is available: all five sample formats, LZW and Deflate compression, ICC profile embedding, alpha channels, resolution and the three text tags.